The article states the development trend of mobile phones and the characteristics of power consumption. It focuses on the power consumption of smartphones that are most concerned about nowadays, and introduces two methods for measuring the power consumption of mobile phone software. It also explains why operators have previously proposed to charge WeChat fees, what is the heartbeat mechanism. Jon Rubinstein, CEO of the famous American mobile phone company Palm, once said: "The future development of mobile phones depends on two factors, one is the data transmission speed of the mobile phone; the second is the standby time of the mobile phone." Why is the phone's standby time so important? Nowadays, the speed of mobile Internet access has been greatly improved, and it is still developing non-stop 4G, 5G. The 4G network can increase the Internet speed of mobile phones to more than 100Mbps. Simply put, downloading a song takes less than 1 second, and downloading a movie takes less than 1 minute. The 5G network is being developed and planned now, and the speed of accessing the Internet through mobile phones can reach 1Gbps. So imagine that in the case of data speed is no longer limited, "smart phones" combined with various applications and "cloud" computing, the future of mobile phones will become a real "mobile terminal." Mobile ID card, mobile banking, mobile wallet, mobile phone transportation card, mobile navigation, mobile smart driving... All things are done through the network using this "mobile phone". When the "mobile phone" has become you, it is inseparable from the "terminal" at all times. Is the mobile phone dead, is it very deadly? The reason for the short standby time of the mobile phone is complicated, including the standby power consumption of the mobile phone, the talk time, the Internet time, the strength of the wireless signal, the GPS navigation, the brightness of the display screen, the background operation of various softwares, and the battery capacity, etc., which affect the standby time. . Usually we are most concerned about the length of time the phone has been switched from the last charge to the automatic shutdown of the phone or the low battery. To fully analyze and optimize the standby time of mobile phones, mobile phones, batteries, and charging management should not be less. Let us call them "three-piece mobile phones" for the time being. Let us start with the power consumption characteristics of mobile phones! Mobile phone development trends and power consumption characteristics Smartphones are becoming more and more popular, hardware processing capabilities are getting stronger, and more and more software applications are supported. We can't help but have another worry. The standby time of today's smartphones is already a short board. Will the standby time of smartphones in the future become shorter? In theory, larger displays, more core processors, and more diverse wireless connectivity technologies will definitely increase the power consumption of mobile phones. At the same time, the functions of mobile phones are also increasing, and the frequency of mobile phones will be more and more frequent. Therefore, it is more important to optimize and manage the power consumption of mobile phones. For example, when you do not operate the mobile phone, you can go to sleep more quickly, and use the pulse form to transmit wireless signals, discontinuous reception and discontinuous transmission. In order to optimize and improve the power consumption of mobile phones, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the power consumption of mobile phones or to find out the defects in the power consumption performance of mobile phones. The characteristics of mobile phone power consumption can be summarized as follows: 1. The current amplitude fluctuates greatly: a) Shutdown leakage current: ~10 to 100nA b) Sleep current: ~100 μA to 10mA c) Standby current: ~5 to 50 mA d) Receive status: ~100 to 300 mA (pulse) e) Launch status: ~1 to 2.5 A (pulse) f) Application software running: ~100mA to 2A 2. The current changes quickly and dynamically: The figure above shows the current waveform of the GPRS mobile phone transmitting Tx and receiving Rx: a) The TX current pulse is 0.58 ms and the current is 2.02A; b) Receive RX current pulse is 1.2ms, current is 143 mA c) continuous transmission of Tx current pulse interval is 4.6 ms; d) The current in the idle Idle state is 1 mA. 3. Current is a combination of multiple functions, it is difficult to distinguish who caused the current: The picture above shows the current waveform of the mobile phone from Idle to the display, and then to the dialing process; the combined current of the two is superimposed on the position where the display is turned on and the mobile phone emits the current. 4. It usually takes a long time to track and observe the current. As shown in the above figure, it is necessary to test the duration of the mobile phone call. It is necessary to continuously record the current and voltage changes for 4 hours, analyze the power consumed during the call (843 mAh), and also need to accurately measure the pulse current, which often becomes very difficult. Power consumption of application software on mobile phones Why do operators say that they are charged for receiving WeChat? In general, more than 15-20% of the power of Android phones is consumed on the heartbeat that is sent too frequently. Wechat, you must be familiar with it? This is how we introduce WeChat on the Internet: WeChat is a faster instant messaging tool with zero tariff, cross-platform communication, real-time input status, etc. Compared with traditional SMS communication methods, it is more flexible, smart, and saves money. For picture, voice and video optimization, 1M can send about 1000 text messages, 1000 seconds of voice information, about 1 minute of video information; WeChat has a well-designed communication protocol, which consumes very little traffic in the background and consumes one month. About 1.7M flow. Earlier, there was a news that WeChat had to start charging. Everyone will be curious - why charge? Who needs to pay? What is the fee? Let's talk about this thing. WeChat transmits text, pictures, voice or video through data services. Therefore, it can be completely free by WIFI or data packet. Therefore, as long as software developers such as Tencent do not charge software fees, in theory, users have no reason to pay any fees. However, in a mobile communication network, due to the large number of users and scarce resources, each user dynamically consumes resources, such as an IP address and a wireless channel. In order to realize instant messaging, WeChat software uses a periodic resource allocation request to the mobile communication network, and keeps the online state even if it runs in the background. This mechanism is also known as the "heartbeat mechanism." The earliest heartbeat mechanism is used for the server's secure backup mechanism, in order to prevent the server from crashing, and uses a dedicated port and line between the servers to periodically transmit short information. The heartbeat is an image metaphor. Once the heartbeat information of the other party is not received, the server can take over the business of the other party and avoid the stagnation of the business. In order to smoothly carry out the business, the heartbeat information sent by the server can be very frequent. This mechanism is borrowed by the Internet application on the mobile phone. Whether it is Android's native application, or QQ, Weibo and WeChat, this heartbeat mechanism is adopted, that is, the terminal periodically sends short information to the application server. For example, the old QQ has a heartbeat cycle of 30 seconds, the new version of QQ is 3 minutes, WeChat is 5 minutes, and Google's native app is about 28 minutes. Each time a mobile phone sends a heartbeat packet, it needs a mobile communication network to allocate resources for the user. The process of allocation is reflected in the transmission and reception of signaling. The sending process of a heartbeat packet involves dozens of signalings. The signaling information operator of these network resource allocations cannot charge, just like when the mobile phone dialing is not connected, it is also the interaction of many signaling information and the user does not have to pay. Huang Xiaoqing, dean of China Mobile Research Institute, said in an interview with the media that the WeChat service brought pressure to operators, saying that WeChat only took 10% of mobile data traffic for China Mobile, but occupied 60% of its signaling resources. . This is also understood by the outside world as the direct cause of charging to WeChat. Now we finally understand, why do operators such as China Mobile say they want to charge WeChat? The data traffic charges for sending and receiving WeChat content such as pictures, voice or video, this has been charged (just counted in our monthly data flow package), but also to charge WeChat's "heartbeat" fee! In fact, operators do not want to think about it, there is no such "heartbeat", where is the charge for data traffic behind? Of course, innovative communication software platforms such as WeChat really affect the SMS, MMS and even call revenue of operators, but this is a historical development trend, and no one can stop it. Regardless of whether you charge or not, this "heartbeat" means that your phone will be awake nearly 300 times from the standby power-saving state every day, which is equivalent to a few seconds of calls. Roughly calculated, more than 15-20% of the daily power consumption of a typical Android phone is consumed in a heartbeat that is sent too frequently. In order to extend the standby time of the mobile phone, it is recommended that if it is not used for a long time, it will be closed even in the background. Is the application software measuring the power consumption on the mobile phone? I believe that everyone should be familiar with this TV commercial delivered by an operator - "The xxx mobile phone already has 100,000 applications"! Correspondingly, the topic of hot discussion on the network - the highest theoretical download rate of 5G technology can be 10Gbps. These two messages remind us that the era of "mobile internet era" is really coming... In the "mobile internet era" mobile phone, there is even more reason to become a "mobile terminal" in the true sense. What kind of terminal can be changed into a mobile phone by installing what kind of application software in the future when communication speed is no longer limited? . Although in the 3G era, the communication rate is far from being unlimited, the current "smartphone" is on the road of "mobile terminal" transformation. There are already tens of thousands of applications that can be downloaded and installed, making the mobile phone into various A unique "terminal". The most prominent advantage of a mobile phone is that it is mobile and portable. The use of lithium battery power supply is the basis of its mobility and portability. It can be said that the emergence of lithium batteries has made the mobile phone, but the capacity bottleneck of lithium batteries has made the short standby time of mobile phones a prominent problem. In fact, the capacity of lithium batteries has increased from the original hundreds of mAh to the current thousands of mAh, and the standby time has become shorter and shorter. The root cause is that the power consumption of mobile phones is much larger than the original, including the more power-hungry mobile phones. Hardware - The previous blog post "Mobile Phone Trends and Power Consumption Features" has been introduced. Another outstanding change is that mobile phones need to install and run more software. Some applications use a lot of power when running, such as WeChat, QQ, Weibo, etc. mentioned above. Application software needs to consume power, so everyone can easily understand it, but which software consumes a lot of power, which power consumption is small, how to quantitatively evaluate it? It is estimated that this problem has been plaguing many software developers. Compared to the power consumption of the hardware is very intuitive, such as the brightness level of the display is very easy to compare and measure. The power consumption of the software is relatively abstract and difficult to test, because the software must run on the basis of the mobile phone hardware, and the measured power consumption is the sum of the power consumption of the software and the hardware of the mobile phone. The power consumption of the software is tested separately for the power consumption of hardware that we can't think of as power consuming. So, how to test the power consumption of the software? I recommend that software developers have the following two methods: First, the horizontal comparison method: a two-step test, the first step to measure the power consumption of the mobile phone hardware operation; the second step to test the mobile phone hardware and software running comprehensive power consumption. Finally, compare the power consumption twice to get the amount of power consumed by the software; Second, the vertical comparison method: two mobile phones at the same time, one of the mobile phones does not run the software, the other mobile phone runs the software; respectively, the power consumption of the two mobile phones is obtained, and the difference in power consumption between the two mobile phones is compared, and the software consumption is obtained. The amount of electricity. These two methods have certain differences in testing. Many applications require the support of mobile networks, and the network signals received by mobile phones will change with time. Therefore, the error of the first method is mainly due to the change of the working state of the mobile phone under different base station networks. The difference between the second method is reflected in the fact that the power consumption of the hardware of the two mobile phones may be different, so it is necessary to use the same model and the same batch of mobile phones as much as possible. Moreover, it is necessary to use a multi-channel power consumption test instrument. As mentioned above, the Agilent N6705B can support up to 4 mobile phones for parallel testing at the same time.
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Two methods of power consumption characteristics of smart phones and APP power consumption test
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