April 25, 2024

How are the data from the sensors uploaded to the cloud?

Over the past 25 years, wireless standards have changed dramatically, and the way we deliver information has become more diverse. Sensors, cameras, and microphones can synchronize large amounts of data into the cloud and be available at any time when needed. Because of this, people are not tired of discussing the benefits of the Internet of Things.

In the IoT era, an important issue that plagued application developers was how to find that subtle balance between power, coverage, transmission rate, and cost.

If you monitor soil data on a large farm in the Midwest, real-time video surveillance doesn't make much sense to you. What you need is a remote wireless connection. If you want to install monitoring for high crime areas, then high bandwidth is the king.

In the second example, you can use different methods to complete the video data transmission. You can install a high-power transmitter on the camera, then get the video information directly through the mobile base station, or you can use a small amount of Wi-Fi on the pole. The router transmits video data directly to the base station over an ultra-high bandwidth link.

How do fire and smoke alarms work in an uninhabited forest? There is no mobile base station here, let alone the network cable. Hey, this is the world of mesh networks below 1 GHz, which can achieve a wide range of signal coverage with very little power consumption.

The development potential of the Internet of Things is very great. With the participation of various investors, we will see a variety of solutions, but in the end we will survive those products that are more useful and more cost-effective.

All-weather and all-round connectivity

With wireless connectivity, we can access cloud space on multiple devices. How do you do this?

To be honest, under the current technical conditions, this is really a piece of cake, and the optional connection method has gone. In the following, I will give you a list of ways to synchronize sensor data to the cloud. For those of you who want to find out the principles, come with me.

Connected via a network cable

This is the easiest way. It was born in the 1970s and 1980s and is the originator of all wireless connections. The sensor is equipped with a microprocessor that processes the collected data and then uploads the data over a wired network. In addition, the processor can modify or update certain features of the sensor. However, this method is more restrictive because it is impossible to have a network cable everywhere.

Connect via mobile phone network

The mobile phone network was born with the cable network and it had a preliminary development in the early 1980s. The network has also become the first widely used wireless network. However, it has a lot of slots. First, if you want to connect to a mobile base station, the sensor still needs to connect to the mobile phone through the network cable or implant a special baseband in the mobile phone (high cost). Second, the uplink wireless transmitter needs a lot of power. Support; in the end, the traffic fee can be very painful.

Connect via remote wireless network

As early as 1947, the regulatory authorities opened up a number of license-free wireless bands, but in the then era this thing was completely unattended. It was not until the 1990s that mobile phones appeared that people really realized their value. In 2003, the two bands 902-928 MHz and 2400-2483 MHz became the new darling for the latest IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard.

These bands are also used in the mesh networks mentioned above, which are made up of many small, low-power wireless devices that are highly connected to each other and that aggregate sensor data from the edge regions into a rendezvous. The rendezvous is connected to the cloud. This ensures the coverage of the wireless network.

Connected via a wireless router

The well-known 802.11 Wi-Fi standard was born in 1997, which uses the 2400-2483 MHz and 5130-5835 MHz bands. These two frequency bands have a profound impact on the wireless life of ordinary people. At home, in companies or in public places, such routers can be seen everywhere.

In addition, some routers are more specialized, and they are mainly used in industrial and infrastructure fields. As long as the Internet cable is plugged in, the router can connect to the cloud. In fact, in life, the wireless router is the most important channel for people to enjoy cloud services.

With the advent of Wi-Fi on smartphones, sensors that connect directly to the router were born. This means that the sensor can be connected to the Internet at any time as long as it is within the coverage of the router signal, eliminating the complicated process of connecting to the mobile base station.

Connect via mobile phone

In real life, there are many times when the sensor doesn't need to be connected to a wireless router, and the phone can do everything. This way, users can interact directly with the sensors to get the information they need. In addition, in many application scenarios, there is no need to travel across the ocean to transmit data. Wireless headphones are one example.

These data transmissions can be done by Bluetooth, which is the same as Wi-Fi and works in the 2400-2483 MHz band. The standard was born in 1998 and became part of the 802.15.4 standard in 2003, but it continues to use its light and heat.

Recently, technicians have come up with a new low-power Bluetooth technology (BLE), which is low power and is suitable for simple sensors with low speed or low duty cycle. This technology provides a powerful impetus for the development of small sensors. Sensors that originally require wireless or mobile networks (such as various smart bracelets) can now interact directly with mobile phones.

Recently, technicians have added Bluetooth to traditional Wi-Fi routers. In this way, the sensor equipped with BLE technology can be directly connected to the cloud through the router, eliminating the need to connect the mobile phone.

The arrows in the above picture are so dizzy that it seems complicated to die, but this is also a good thing, because as various wireless standards continue to grow, we can use more ways to promote the development of the Internet of Things.

Status and future

Thirty years ago, the birth of mobile phones opened a wireless revolution that greatly improved the quality of our lives. Anyone in the world can connect to the Internet anytime, anywhere, collect or exchange the information they need. In the past, we couldn’t move the cable.

The coexistence of multiple wireless standards is not a bad thing, but it is still difficult to find the most suitable one for people with difficult choices, because many new standards are still in place and there is no substantial breakthrough in function.

So the bad news is that you are getting more and more confused about the choice of wireless standards. The good news is that as the market competition intensifies, consumers can get the price benefits. All in all, when everything is still going on, the development of the Internet of Things still has a long way to go.

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