May 09, 2024

Highly flexible digital power supply based on state machine based power controller

Digital power can be used to implement many interesting features. Better programmable loop characteristics are achieved with programmable regulation loops. The digital connection of the power supply to the complete system enables precise monitoring of voltage and current.

In addition, digital power supplies offer high flexibility. Different parameters can be modified quite quickly. This simplifies the circuit design process and speeds up the development of system derivatives.

Of course, many power experts still have some resistance to adopting digital power. Power supply designers are usually not experienced software engineers. However, in a digital power project, a software engineer is usually added to the development team. Experience has shown that the development of power supplies by power experts and software experts can create some complications.

The communication between the two may lead to misunderstanding and ultimately lead to project delays.

A graphical user interface (GUI) is a solution to this dilemma. Because the GUI simplifies the programming of digital power supplies. Many digital controller IC vendors offer GUIs. Often, GUIs are designed in such a way that power experts can use them intuitively. Figure 1 shows such a graphical user interface. You can use the mouse to select different aspects of the power supply and make different settings in different functional blocks on the screen.

Many different digital power supplies still have significant drawbacks. The graphical user interface typically generates a code that, when compiled, runs on the microcontroller's kernel or DSP. The designer is fully responsible for the functional reliability of the generated code. There may be some errors that need to be found using the test vector during the verification process. This verification process needs to be repeated for all minor changes made in the graphical user interface.

Highly flexible digital power supply based on state machine based power controller

Figure 1. Digital Power Graphical User Interface

A more convenient way is to choose a state machine based digital power controller IC. For example, Analog Devices' ADP1055 is such a device. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the circuit. The digital logic system functions the same as the state machine. Changes to the power characteristics can be set in the graphical user interface, as shown in Figure 1. These changes do not generate new code for the microcontroller, only different register states are set in the state machine. Because of this process, the function of the digital power supply is still specified by the data sheet of the digital power controller IC, and no software or code needs to be verified.

The combination of a graphical user interface and a state machine simplifies the first steps in the digital power supply arena. This approach is popular with companies that do not have dedicated software engineers to support power management experts. Moreover, this method is also very popular in areas where the software code verification process is extremely cumbersome. An example of such a field is the automotive industry.

There are now many state machine based power controllers. The ADP1055 in Figure 2 is designed for DC isolated power supplies in different topologies. However, it can also be used in point-of-load (POL) applications with interleaved technology.

Highly flexible digital power supply based on state machine based power controller

Figure 2. State machine based ADP1055 block diagram

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