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Arduino reads the address of the connected device on the I2C bus
**I2C Communication and Address Setting Between Arduino**
The I2C address is similar to a home address. Each slave device has its own unique address. Since there is only one master on the I2C bus, and slaves communicate only with the master, the master does not require an address.
There are no strict limits on setting an I2C address, as long as it's not already used by another device on the same bus. This allows for flexibility when connecting multiple devices.
To set the address of a slave board, you can use `Wire.begin(address);` in the setup function. The master, on the other hand, doesn’t need an address — just calling `Wire.begin();` is enough.
Here’s an example of how to set up a slave device with the address 0x12:
```arduino
#include
#define SLAVE_ADDRESS 0x12
void setup() {
Wire.begin(SLAVE_ADDRESS); // Join the I2C bus as a slave with address 0x12
}
void loop() {
// Nothing to do here
}
```
After setting up the slave, you should check if the master can detect it. This is where an I2C scanner comes in handy.
**I2C Address Scanner**
An I2C scanner is one of the most basic examples of a master board that helps test whether any devices are connected to the I2C bus. It doesn't verify the functionality of the device, just checks for its presence.
The I2C scanner works by sending a `beginTransmission()` to every possible address (from 0x00 to 0x7F), then calling `endTransmission()`. If the response is 0, it means a device is present at that address. If the error code is 4, it may indicate a communication issue or an unknown problem. Otherwise, no device is found.
Here’s a simple I2C scanner sketch:
```arduino
#include
#define SERIAL_BAUD 57600
void setup() {
Wire.begin();
Serial.begin(SERIAL_BAUD);
Serial.println("I2C Scanner started");
Serial.println();
}
void loop() {
uint8_t error, i2cAddress, devCount = 0, unCount = 0;
Serial.println("Scanning...");
for (i2cAddress = 1; i2cAddress <= 127; i2cAddress++) {
Wire.beginTransmission(i2cAddress);
error = Wire.endTransmission();
if (error == 0) {
Serial.print("I2C device found at 0x");
if (i2cAddress < 16) Serial.print("0");
Serial.println(i2cAddress, HEX);
devCount++;
} else if (error == 4) {
Serial.print("Unknown error at 0x");
if (i2cAddress < 16) Serial.print("0");
Serial.println(i2cAddress, HEX);
unCount++;
}
}
if (devCount + unCount == 0) {
Serial.println("No I2C devices found");
} else {
Serial.print(devCount);
Serial.print(" device(s) found");
if (unCount > 0) {
Serial.print(", and unknown error in ");
Serial.print(unCount);
Serial.print(" address");
}
Serial.println();
}
Serial.println();
delay(5000);
}
```
In this example, you should see output like:
```
I2C Scanner started
Scanning...
I2C device found at 0x12
1 device(s) found
```
This process is essential for troubleshooting and ensuring that all I2C devices are properly connected and recognized by the master.