Industrial automation systems use microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), and sensor networks to control electromechanical processes. These components are highly sensitive but operate in an electrically noisy environment filled with motor drive, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and other sources. Electrical noise is typically transmitted through a central direct current (DC) power backplane in a factory automation facility. The isolation transformer removes unwanted noise, but how do you use a transformer on a DC power supply? Use a flyback power converter. An isolated power supply provides noise immunity by eliminating ground loops and transient voltages caused by other devices on the same power bus. The isolated power supply also protects sensitive components and humans from dangerous high voltages. The flyback converter is a simple design that contains few components and provides galvanic isolation between the input and output. The flyback converter is derived from an inverting buck-boost converter that uses a coupled inductor or a flyback transformer whose turns ratio is multiplied by the input voltage to replace the inductor. Figure 1 is a basic circuit diagram of a flyback converter. When the MOSFET switch is turned on, current begins to flow, and the magnetic flux in the primary coil increases, storing energy in the core. Due to the polarity of the transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding is negative, causing the diode to be reverse biased while the output capacitor supplies the load. When the switch is turned off, the current and magnetic flux of the primary coil are reduced, a positive voltage is generated at the secondary coil, and the diode is forward biased to transfer the energy stored in the core to the load. Figure 1: Basic circuit of a flyback converter Flyback converters are commonly used in industrial installations. A typical application is a programmable logic controller (PLC) input/output (I/O) module powered from a 24V backplane. To ensure reliable performance, isolated power protection I/O modules are subject to noise interference. The added advantage of flyback converters is the ability to provide multiple output voltage rails—both positive and negative—to accommodate a variety of processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and amplifiers. Demand. To meet the needs of the industrial market and verify the use of flyback converters, TI has released the LM3481 Flyback Evaluation Module (EVM), as shown in Figure 2. This design accepts a wide input voltage range of 5V to 32V, provides a stable isolated output of 12V, and is capable of delivering 2A to the load. This allows designers to evaluate the performance and operation of the LM3481 low-side FET controller in an isolated flyback design. Figure 2: LM3481 Flyback Evaluation Module A common disadvantage of flyback converters is the lack of efficiency. A typical flyback converter has an efficiency of approximately 60-75%. This is mainly due to the inductive losses in the transformer and the voltage drop across the rectifier diode. By carefully designing the transformer and selecting the switching frequency, the LM3481 flyback EVM can achieve almost 90% efficiency, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Efficiency of the LM3481 Flyback EVM Another important feature of flyback converters is the ability to achieve good linear regulation. In other words, the converter can provide a stable output voltage in response to fluctuating input voltages. In industrial installations, input voltage fluctuations can be caused by factors such as heavy load opening and closing or variable frequency motor drives. The LM3481 flyback EVM achieves ±0.1% linear regulation over a wide input voltage range. Providing a stable output voltage protects critical components and prevents unwanted noise from entering the circuit. The flyback converter is a simple and flexible converter that provides immunity to interference and high voltage isolation, solving the challenges of power supply design in many industrial applications. Buy the highly efficient regulator platform LM3481 flyback EVM and start exploring the possibility of isolated power. Or download a reference design to quickly create a design: Multiport Isolated Output Flyback Solution Reference Design Isolated 53V/400mA Output Flyback Solution Reference Design Low Input Voltage, Small Size Flyback Reference Design for Laser Flash Drives
Mini Circuit breakers, also named as the air switch which have a short for arc extinguishing device. It is a switch role, and also is a automatic protection of low-voltage electrical distribution. Its role is equivalent to the combination of switch. Fuse. Thermal Relay and other electrical components. It mainly used for short circuit and overload protection. Generally, According to the poles, mini Circuit breaker can be divided into 1P , 1P+N , 2P, 3P and 4P.
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