Lighting design multi-purpose stadium green lighting design and computer control Li Hong (Hebei Institute of Technology Light Industry Branch, Tangshan City 063020) meter and lighting microcomputer control system. The requirements of the illuminance standard should take into account the horizontal illumination and vertical illumination, with appropriate illumination uniformity and illumination gradient. For example, in the game, in order to correctly see the athlete and its moving objects (such as the ball, etc.) in an instant, there must be sufficient illumination, and there should be a proper contrast between the object and the background of the object, and the indoor ceiling and wall must be considered. The reflection and color of the facing material. In the past, the quality of stadium lighting was often measured by the level of horizontal illumination. In fact, the light environment of lighting should be the comprehensive effect of various indicators of lighting. Sports lighting is aimed at people and things moving, and generally speaking, people The movement speed is very fast, the horizontal illumination can evenly illuminate the whole space, and the vertical illumination can make the moving people and objects clearly visible, ensuring the ratio of the vertical illumination to the horizontal illumination, which can effectively add the stereoscopic effect of the object shape and Improve the speed of recognizing moving objects. The vertical plane can be considered a striking main surface for good color TV and photographic images. Vertical illumination is the most suitable indicator for measuring and evaluating illumination, especially when the vertical plane is facing the main camera. Illumination and illuminance uniformity are especially important. The standard values ​​of domestic sports venue illumination are shown in Table 1. 1 Proverbs The multi-purpose gymnasium is a comprehensive gymnasium that is mainly sports and is compatible with functions such as literature, assembly, exhibition and training. For the multi-purpose gymnasium, in addition to the novel design appearance and complete sports facilities, it also requires a high-quality lighting environment, which requires appropriate uniform illumination and brightness, ideal light color and display. Color, three-dimensional and no glare. It can not only satisfy the audience's good viewing effect, but also ensure the lighting requirements for the referees, athletes' competitions and TV broadcasts, and also flexibly adjust the lighting control system to meet the needs of various sports and activities. The quality of the lighting directly affects the use value of the stadium and the picture quality of the color TV broadcast, so it is necessary to provide the required green lighting through complex lighting equipment. 2 Multi-purpose gymnasium green lighting design 2.1 Design requirements 2.1.1 Illumination requirements Illumination should conform to a variety of competition items, various activities and their use Table 1 Domestic sports venue illumination standard value Sports project illumination standard (lx) practice competition basketball, volleyball Badminton, gymnastics ground skills, martial arts, weightlifting and other ground table tennis ground color TV broadcast 1m vertical surface to prevent direct glare and reflected glare from causing interference to athletes and audience. Direct glare from the source should be minimized. Consider the reflected glare generated by equipment, appliances, etc. installed on walls, floors, and indoors. Glare is due to the presence of high brightness or strong contrast in the field of view, which reduces viewing power and can cause discomfort. The generation of glare is related to the brightness, installation height, arrangement, projection direction and background brightness of the luminaire. The glare for direct-type luminaires limits the minimum shading angle to the brightness of the luminaire exit. 3 Light color and color rendering In lighting, the lighting effect is different due to the different light colors of the light source used. The color development of the light source is different, and the resulting light atmosphere is also different. If the color temperature is too high, it will give people a feeling of bluntness and chilliness. If the color temperature is too low, it will give people a feeling of dimness and dullness. According to the different sports, choose the appropriate light source. 4 stroboscopic effect If the competition object is a high-speed moving project (baseball, tennis, etc.), the gas discharge lamp powered by the power frequency AC will produce a stroboscopic effect, which hinders the athlete's visual effect on the object and should be avoided. 2.2 Green lighting design 1 The choice of light source The stadium lighting source generally uses incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, high pressure sodium lamps and so on. From the characteristics of the light source we know, each light source has certain advantages, but it also has certain shortcomings and limitations. For example, incandescent lamps have good light color and are easy to use. In the case of frequent switching, small area, and low illumination requirements, incandescent lamps can be used, but incandescent lamps have short life and low light efficiency, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of stadium illumination. The tungsten halogen lamp does not need to be equipped with a ballast, etc., it is on and off, so it is used as an emergency lighting source in the gymnasium. Fluorescent lamps save 70% energy compared to incandescent lamps. Compact fluorescent lamps emit 5% more efficiently than ordinary fluorescent lamps. Thin tube fluorescent lamps are 10% more energy efficient than ordinary fluorescent lamps and can be used as needed. Another example is that various high-intensity gas discharge lamps have high luminous efficiency, long life, and many varieties, and the energy saving effect is remarkable. However, their light color is very different. For example, the high-pressure sodium lamp is 8 to 10 times brighter than the incandescent lamp, and has a long life, stable characteristics, high luminous flux maintenance rate, low color temperature, poor color rendering, and severe fading. Light color is yellow and has a dark feeling. It is not acceptable for people to use it alone for indoor lighting. Metal halide lamps have the characteristics of high light efficiency, good color rendering and high power, but often due to color temperature deviation. High, light blue, giving people a cold, stiff feeling, especially for the yellow skin color will cause extremely poor visual effects, making people look morbid. From the above analysis results, it is difficult to meet the requirements of sports lighting with a single light source. In order to achieve the required color rendering, and to control the integrated light effect of the light source, save energy, it is recommended to mix these light sources to achieve good lighting effects. At present, lighting metal halide lamps are widely used as sports lighting sources in the world. The illuminating metal halide lamp with a color rendering index greater than 65 is the most ideal illumination source for the stadium. It can meet the requirements of color TV color temperature and color rendering, and extend its maintenance cycle due to its long life. However, the color rendering index of domestic products is mostly around 60. Therefore, 250W high color rendering sodium lamp and 400W illumination metal halide lamp are used as the light source, and the light mixing becomes a new spectrum to solve the domestic illumination metal halide lamp. The problem of low color rendering is to meet the requirements of the color temperature and color rendering of the light source. At the same time, the life of the two light sources is almost the same, thus eliminating the trouble of maintenance. The color temperature is 3 000K, and the color rendering index Ra is greater than 2.2.2. The choice of lighting fixtures is selected according to the efficiency and protection angle of the lamps. The stadium uses mostly deep-light, oblique-illuminated or floodlights. The efficiency of the lamps is generally 50%~60%. The lamps should be equipped with grilles or light-blocking plates. The protection angle is generally between Kb~3tb. Promote the use of new materials, these lamps use new environmentally friendly energy-saving materials. For example, the transparent lampshade uses UV-resistant polypropylene material and impact-resistant polycarbonate plastic, high transparency, high light output, low glare, and minimal light loss. Another example is a lighting device coated with a Ti2 photocatalyst film, which can decompose pollutants in time, reduce the pollution of the lamps, slow down the light transmittance of the lamps, greatly reduce the number of cleaning of the lamps, and reduce the maintenance cost. Other luminaires are equipped with an activated carbon absorbing filter to remove decomposition products from the electric light source. This type of luminaire not only maintains a 73% lumen maintenance rate at the end of the 4-year replacement period, but also restores the initial state after replacing the bulb and wiping the luminaire, while the normal luminaire can only recover to 87%. 2.2. 3 The lighting method is determined by using general lighting and mixed lighting. In green lighting design, use as much natural light as possible to conserve power. In a stadium that uses a high proportion of natural light illumination, the source of artificial illumination should use a light source of intermediate color or cool color to form a harmonious mixed illumination mode with natural light. For high-rise gymnasiums, high-intensity gas discharge lamps with high efficiency and long life, and large output light flux should be evenly distributed on the ceiling. For example, the star-like uniform lighting, the entire site as a uniform working surface, using the same type of symmetrical configuration of the lamp, it is more evenly distributed in brightness and illumination, giving people a sense of neat coordination. In many cases, mixed lighting is used. Usually, a metal halide lamp and a high-pressure sodium lamp are mixed, and a high-pressure sodium lamp and a high-pressure mercury lamp are mixed. It can meet the requirements of suitable color rendering and high luminous efficiency at the same time. 2.2.4 Other lighting power saving design uses low power consumption electrical accessories. In gas discharge lamps, ballasts are one of the important factors leading to power factor reduction and power consumption. The old-fashioned inductive ballast has a very low power factor and consumes 1/5 of the power used by the light source. With the new inductor ballast, the power consumption can be reduced by half, and the electrical performance is also significantly improved. For example, a new metal halide lamp electronic ballast can save 30% energy compared to high-quality magnetic ballasts, and a stable DC output voltage can be obtained when the AC input voltage fluctuates greatly. Reduce the loss of lighting lines. The loss of the lighting line accounts for about 4% of the input power. The main factors affecting the loss of the lighting line are the power supply mode and the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire. Most lighting voltage is 220V, and the lighting system can be powered by single-phase two-wire, two-phase three-wire, three-phase four-wire. By comparison, the three-phase four-wire power supply has much less line loss than other power supply modes. Therefore, the lighting system should be powered by three-phase four-wire system whenever possible. 3 lighting microcomputer control system lighting control system uses microcomputer control, according to different game levels, different game items, to ensure that the lighting program. In the computer, the corresponding lighting mode can be called at any time according to the needs of the game. The computer can also provide a new lighting scheme for programming and storage, and it is not possible to go through a computer in an emergency. The automatic control system is equipped with a lighting console in the control room, and the switch light is controlled by a computer. The display has a display and an analog disk. The operator can pre-select the light-on scheme from the display, and the actual light can be directly observed from the analog disk. Happening. There are several fixed lighting schemes in the computer memory. It can also store temporary lighting schemes, and can add lights or lights as needed to adapt to various projects and different grades (international competitions, domestic competitions, training). Claim. The automatic lighting control of the system mainly includes the following parts: the microcomputer automatic control system, the system actuator and the lighting fixture. The control process is: the microcomputer automatic control system controls the system actuator, and then the system actuator controls the lighting fixture. The microcomputer system in the system adopts the single machine commonly used in the control as the main body, and is equipped with the address decoding program memory, the address latch, the data latch and the multi-channel analog switch to form the main control to control the whole site lighting. The system actuator completes the combination of the master control and the luminaire, and the controller controls the actuator to turn the venue lighting on and off. The whole system makes full use of the advantages of computer control, and can complete the following functions: (1) Automatic control: site lighting, as long as the preset lighting mode is stored in the computer in advance, the operator only needs to select the predetermined mode number, then the computer It is possible to automatically illuminate the preset lighting method. The light-on mode can be changed at will by programming. (2) Programming: This function is set up for automatic control. The operator can program according to the required lighting mode and then store it in the computer. The programming method is to give the light number to be lit in one mode, and input the computer in turn until all the lights that need to be lit are input and stored. This mode is programmed. (3) Locking: The locking function can lock the system to prevent errors caused by human factors during normal use and ensure the normal operation of the system. (4) Manual control: With manual control, any venue lighting can be turned on or off manually. The above four functions are selected by the switch control on the console. Detailed comments on this control system. CPU central controller address decoding into power-driven electromagnetic switch manual control switch overall lighting fixtures This control system features: (1) the system uses a highly reliable industrial control sample machine as the core, automatic control of the lighting system, while also Provides manual control and makes control more flexible and convenient. (2) The storage adopts EEPROM, which can be arbitrarily rewritten in the system. At the same time, the system does not need external power supply to keep the data from being lost, which increases the reliability and stability of the system. (3) The photoelectric isolation device is used to isolate the control part from the execution part, and the anti-interference ability of the control center link is increased. (4) After the whole system is debugged normally, the work is not subject to manual intervention, and the influence of human factors can be ruled out. (5) Modularization, convenient installation and maintenance, and self-diagnosis function can find the location where the system has problems in time. 4 Conclusion The lighting of the multi-purpose gymnasium should meet the requirements of green lighting in terms of lighting source, lighting and lighting methods, and the microcomputer system should be used to realize the automatic control of lighting. While quickly and accurately meeting the needs of lighting for various purposes, it saves electricity for lighting and achieves green lighting.
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