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Design of a Wireless Temperature and Humidity Detection System Based on STM32 and LabVIEW
**Introduction**
In our daily lives, temperature and humidity are two essential environmental parameters that significantly impact human health, agricultural practices, warehouse management, and data center operations. As technology advances, the demand for accurate and efficient monitoring of these parameters has increased. Traditional wired systems, however, come with limitations such as complex wiring, high costs, and poor scalability in real-world applications. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a wireless temperature and humidity monitoring system designed for convenience, reliability, and efficiency.
The proposed system is built around the STM32 microcontroller, known for its powerful processing capabilities and low power consumption. For wireless communication, the nRF24L01P module is used due to its high performance and low cost. The AM2303 sensor is selected for its digital output, fast response time, and excellent stability, making it ideal for real-time data acquisition.
**1. System Design Block Diagram**
The system operates on a "many-to-one" architecture, consisting of multiple transmitting modules and a single receiving unit. The block diagram of the transmitter is shown in Figure 1, while the receiver is illustrated in Figure 2. At the transmitting end, the STM32 controls the AM2303 to collect temperature and humidity data, which is then wirelessly transmitted via the nRF24L01P module. On the receiving side, the STM32 processes the incoming data, sends it to a host computer through a serial port, and allows real-time display and analysis using software like LabVIEW.
**2. System Hardware Design**
The hardware design includes several key components: the STM32 microcontroller, the wireless transceiver circuit, the temperature and humidity sensing module, an alarm system, and a power supply unit. These components work together to ensure accurate data collection, reliable transmission, and user-friendly display.
**2.1 STM32 Microcontroller Control Circuit**
The system uses the STM32F103RBT6 from STMicroelectronics as the central control unit. This 32-bit microcontroller is based on the ARM Cortex-M3 architecture and features a clock speed of up to 72 MHz. It comes with 128 KB of Flash memory, 20 KB of SRAM, and a variety of peripherals including 12-bit ADC, four 16-bit timers, three USART ports, and two SPI interfaces. These resources make it well-suited for handling data acquisition, processing, and wireless communication tasks. The STM32F103RBT6 communicates with the nRF24L01P module via the SPI1 interface, enabling efficient wireless data transmission. It also supports RS-232 communication to send processed data to a host computer for further analysis and visualization.