The circuit design for the stepper motor subdivision technology employs the TA8435H, a specialized chip designed specifically for driving two-phase stepper motors using a sinusoidal subphase approach. This innovative solution significantly streamlines the hardware requirements by integrating two H-bridge drivers capable of handling high voltages and currents, along with two chopper circuits to precisely regulate the current flowing through the two-phase coils.
Designed to handle stepper motors with a maximum voltage of 40V and up to 2.5A per phase, the TA8435H accepts standard TTL logic level signals. It also features an enable input that allows for switching the device on or off independently of the input signals. The emitters of the lower arms of both bridge arms are combined externally via a sense resistor, providing additional flexibility for power management. Additionally, it includes a dedicated power input to ensure the logic operates efficiently even at lower voltages.
For motor control, the system relies on the mega16 microcontroller, known for its robust architecture and versatility. The mega16 boasts an advanced reduced instruction set computing (RISC) design, featuring 16K bytes of flash memory that supports in-system programming, 1K bytes of SRAM, an on-chip RC oscillator, and multiple operational modes. Its operating voltage range spans from 2.7V to 5.5V, making it highly adaptable to various environments.
In this setup, the X and Y axes utilize unipolar motors with smaller currents, driven by a Darlington tube-based ULN2803 driver chip. These axes do not require subdivision due to their simpler operational demands. Conversely, the Z-axis, which is responsible for focusing, necessitates the use of a bipolar motor capable of higher currents and subdivision. The TA8435H is tasked with driving this axis, ensuring precise control over motor movement.
To minimize interference from the high current motor affecting the microcontroller, optocoupler isolation is employed between the MCU and the TA8435H. The logic circuitry of the TA8435H is powered by a separate LM7805 voltage regulator, keeping it electrically isolated from the MCU. By manipulating the M1, M2, CW/CWW, ENABLE, and CK1 pins, the system enables functionalities such as reversing the motor, operating in coarse mode (without subdivision), and achieving fine control with an 8-subdivision setting.
This comprehensive design ensures reliable performance across all axes, balancing precision and efficiency while minimizing potential interference issues.
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