For circuits operating at or above 2,000 volts between conductors, a conductive shield may surround each insulated conductor. This equalizes electrical stress on the cable insulation. This technique was patented by Martin Hochstadter in 1916; the shield is sometimes called a Hochstadter shield. The individual conductor shields of a cable are connected to earth ground at the ends of the cable, and at locations along the length if voltage rise during faults would be dangerous.
Cables for power distribution of 10 kV or higher may be insulated with oil and paper, and are run in a rigid steel pipe, semi-rigid aluminum or lead sheath. For higher voltages the oil may be kept under pressure to prevent formation of voids that would allow partial discharges within the cable insulation.
Many multiconductor cables have a bare or insulated grounding or bonding wire which is for connection to earth ground. The grounding conductor connects equipment enclosures to ground for protection from electric shock.
Electrical power cables are often installed in raceways, including electrical conduit and cable trays, which may contain one or more conductors.
A hybrid cable can include conductors for control signals or may also include optical fibers for data.
35kv Power Cable, Submarine Power Cable Hebei Huanya Cable Co.,Ltd , http://www.hbhycable.com
However, at this juncture, I have seen some companies relax their control over the quality of lighting accessories in order to reduce production costs, and replace the original parts with defective parts; some companies simplify the production process and reduce the number of workers by reducing the number of workers. Labor costs... But the consequences of this practice are: product quality is declining, product breakage rates are increasing, and customer complaint rates are increasing every day. The operating efficiency of enterprises is decreasing, and the turnover is also shrinking. Lighting companies are caught in a vicious circle and can't extricate themselves.
A few days ago, a friend of mine told me one such thing: a lighting company with an annual export value of RMB 100 million in Guangdong, with the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar falling from 7 to more than 6 points. In the middle, their company can buy a BMW for the actual profit lost each week. In desperation, the company quickly replaced lighting accessories and lowered the cost of the products, hoping to make up for the exchange losses caused by the appreciation of the renminbi. However, at the end of March, the company exported two containers to the United States, and it was investigated by US customers that nearly 20% of the products were unqualified. The results can be imagined - the customer refused to accept the goods, sever the partnership, and claimed $200,000 in quality compensation from the manufacturer, and the company had to pay the huge cost to bring the product back to the factory.
This is a typical export case. What did this case tell us? Product quality is the life and reputation of the company. Reducing the quality of the product is equivalent to lowering the credibility of the company and breaking through the lifeline. The final outcome is to dig the grave.
Looking at the world, we can see that whether it is on the world stage such as Sony, Samsung, GM and other famous brands, or China's Haier, Lenovo, etc., they also encounter the same market environment as lighting companies, but their choice It is certainly not to achieve a competitive victory by reducing product quality. They understand that lowering quality is equivalent to smashing their own rice bowl.
Jindalai Lighting has been in the export market for 10 years, mainly exported to the high-end market in Europe and America. It has also been closely cooperating with the furniture of the Dynasty in China. Why can we get the long-term recognition of high-end customers - high quality assurance is the foundation of cooperation - this is my biggest business experience in 10 years.
We don't want to see similar cases happen again in Chinese companies. Chinese lighting companies must not only manage well, but also be profitable and win the respect of the world. Therefore, improving the quality of Chinese lighting products is an urgent task for the industry. Jindalai Lighting adopted the media and advocated “Quality China†as a slogan, and proposed that everyone jointly improve and maintain the dignity and status of the Chinese lighting industry.
Editor: Zhu Yun Edition: Huang Jiacunmei refers to Peng Anjun's final review: Yao Xiaohong 
A high-voltage cable designed for 400 kV. The large conductor in the center carries the current, smaller conductors on the outside act as a shield to equalize the voltage stress in the thick polyethylene insulation layer.Modern high-voltage cables use polyethylene or other polymers, including XLPE for insulation. They require special techniques for jointing and terminating, see High-voltage cable.
Reducing quality is equal to digging a grave
Quality blog - a failure case that Chinese lighting companies should reflect on today, China's lighting companies are all experiencing an unprecedented new market environment: RMB appreciation, EU environmental protection directives, rising raw material prices, artificial wage increases, CPI index High and so on. Standing at the new crossroads, Chinese lighting companies are faced with new choices and are thinking about new ways.