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Breakthrough in epitaxy and chip technology
The core technology of LED is the epitaxial growth of LED and chip manufacturing technology. In recent years, the government and related research institutions have attached great importance to this, and invested a lot of money and manpower for research, development and industrialization. The main research institutions are Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nanchang University, Beijing University of Technology, Shandong University, Nanjing University, South China Normal University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen University, Central South University of Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Institute of Physics, 13th Institute of CLP, 55 and new Established the Semiconductor Lighting R&D Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Conducted a number of researches on epitaxial growth and chip fabrication, such as epitaxial growth of GaN materials on different substrates (Al2O3, Si, SiC, AlN, GaN), patterned substrate epitaxy, non-polar or semi-polar Sexual epitaxy, substrate transfer, laser lift-off, eutectic soldering, ITO electrodes, surface roughening, photonic crystals, etc., improve internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency, and have achieved good results. In addition, China has developed AlGaN deep ultraviolet (260nm ~ 400nm) light-emitting diodes, and also developed 1W LED blue chip, making white LED luminous efficiency more than 80lm / W, and developed a quaternary AlGaInP red optical power LED device The luminous efficiency is about 40 lm/W. Nanchang University has developed GaN grown on Si substrates with independent intellectual property rights, and has made blue and green LED chips, which have been industrialized.
The main domestic LED epitaxial growth and chip manufacturing companies are Xiamen Sanan, Dalian Lumei, Shanghai Blu-ray, Shanghai Lanbao, Shandong Huaguang, Hangzhou Silan Mingxin, Jiangxi Jingneng Optoelectronics, Hebei Tonghui, Shenyang Fangda, Xiamen Dry Photo, Jiangxi Lianchuang, Nanchang Xinlei, Shanghai Dachen, Shanghai Yuti, Shenzhen Century Jingyuan, Shenzhen Orende, Yangzhou Huaxia Integration, Langfang Qingxin, Gansu Xintiandian, Wuhan Diyuan, Xi'an Zhongwei, Guangzhou Puguang, Dongguan Fudi, and foreign-funded enterprises Wuhan Huacan, Xiamen Jingyu, Xiamen Mingda and Jinjiang Jinglan, etc., have done a lot of work in chip structure and process improvement, improving product performance, The results of yield, process repeatability, improvement of resistance to light decay and reliability have all achieved great results, ensuring mass production of chips. In 2007, the domestic production of high-brightness chips exceeded 21 billion, with a growth rate of 75%, of which blue and green chips were about 6.5 billion, with a growth rate of 62.5%. It is expected that the output of high-brightness LED chips will exceed 30 billion in 2008, among which Blue and green chips are about 8 billion to 10 billion.
Device packaging and supporting capabilities highlight the characteristics of domestic LED packaging enterprises is a large number of filial piety, about 500 to 600, with a certain scale, about 100 companies with annual sales of more than 10 million yuan, the main packaging enterprises are Xiamen Hualian, Foshan Guoxing, Jiangsu Wenrun, Guangzhou Hongli, Ningbo Shengpu, Jiangxi Lianchuang, Tianjin Tianxing, Langfang Xingu, Shenzhen Ruifeng, Shenzhen Lehman, Shenzhen Guangquan, Zhuhai Lifeng, etc. In 2007, the number of packaged devices in the country reached 46 billion. In addition to foreign-funded enterprises, the domestic LED packaging capacity exceeded 60 billion/year. A wide range of packageable devices, including single-tube, composite tube, pixel tube, digital display, various backlights, SMD-LED, micro LED, matrix display, dedicated display, white LED, power LED and high-power LED Module, etc. The powerful packaging companies have invested a lot of research and development strength, and have achieved good results in improving the package structure, improving the heat dissipation performance, improving the light extraction efficiency, improving the anti-light decay and reliability, and now can package 1WLED in batches, and its luminous efficiency is up to 100lm/W, the thermal resistance can be controlled within 10 °C / W. CLP 13 develops high-power LED packaging products with independent property rights. In addition, it also develops new products with vertical structure and no-weld-power LED packaging with independent property rights, contributing to the power LED packaging industry.
The matching ability of domestic LED packaging materials and accessories is very strong. Except for some materials, most of the materials are provided domestically, mainly including gold wire, silicon aluminum wire, epoxy resin, silica gel, silver glue, conductive glue and bracket. , strips, plastic parts, packaging molds and fixtures, etc., have formed a certain scale, enterprises are mainly in the Pearl River Delta and Ningbo area. In addition, for the phosphors used to package white LEDs, there are more than a dozen companies in China that are researching and producing them. They have been widely used in white LED packaging, and Dalian Luming has developed silicate phosphors with independent property rights. In addition, China has also developed a blue-emitting phosphorescent phosphor that emits red and green light with independent intellectual property rights. The white LED can be composed of three primary colors, and the effect is very good.
Progress in the development of technical standards In recent years, domestic development of semiconductor lighting technology standards has also made great progress. The former Ministry of Information Industry Semiconductor Lighting Technology Standard Working Group, National Lighting Electrical Standards Technical Committee and the relevant ministries and commissions have developed and are developing about 50 basic standards, method standards and product standards for semiconductor lighting technology. The Standards Coordination Group of the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance has been effective in coordinating standards development and collecting overseas semiconductor lighting technology standards. Relevant associations in China also actively participate in international relevant standardization organizations, participate in the formulation of professional standards, communicate with international relevant standardization organizations, and cooperate with counterparts in Taiwan. It should be believed that with the continuous development of LED technology, the application products will continue to mature and relevant standards will be continuously introduced.
In the promotion of the construction of semiconductor lighting inspection platforms, great progress has been made in recent years. In the original testing institutions in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Shanghai and Xiamen, the testing projects and contents are being further expanded and improved. The Ministry of Science and Technology has focused on supporting the construction of testing platforms in Shanghai and Xiamen, and with the increased investment of local governments, it is now large-scale and can provide testing services for semiconductor lighting products. To provide a better public testing platform for the development of the semiconductor lighting industry. In addition, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China agreed to establish the “National Semiconductor Light-Emitting Device (LED) Application Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center†by Xiamen Product Quality Inspection Institute, and invested another 50 million yuan on the original construction, which was completed in 2009. The inspection was completed in November.
The domestic LED market has great potential for investment. As LED has three characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection and long life, its application fields are expanding and its application products are increasing. Therefore, all parties are increasingly investing in the LED industry.
High performance products rely on imports
LED industry chain can be divided into four parts: LED epitaxial growth, chip manufacturing, device packaging and application products and related supporting industries. Investors can choose any one or more combinations in the investment industry chain according to their current conditions and strengths, depending on market demand. LED applications range from a wide range to a wide range of products.
The LED industry is a high-tech industry and an industry encouraged by the energy conservation and emission reduction policies. It is itself an environmentally friendly product. From the current level of semiconductor lighting technology and market demand, LED has a lot of room for development, and its prospects are generally optimistic. As the main indicator of this technology, the level of its luminous efficiency laboratory is more than 150lm/W, and its industrialization level reaches 100lm/W. After several years of efforts, it can reach the level of 150lm/W~200lm/W. The resulting light source is very energy efficient in terms of lighting, saving at least half of the power compared to current lighting. In addition, the application of LED is very wide, mainly in the two fields of display and lighting. It is currently in the initial stage of promotion and application, and its application prospect is considerable.
Although China's high-brightness LED chip production exceeded 21 billion in 2007, it is still far from meeting the domestic market demand. Imported chips account for a large proportion, especially high-performance LED chips and power LED chips are almost all imported. It is estimated that the output of high-brightness chips will exceed 30 billion in 2008, but it still cannot meet the domestic market demand and still needs a large amount of imports. In 2007, although the output of high-brightness LED devices reached 25 billion, the actual demand exceeded 30 billion, especially high-performance LED devices, almost all imported.
The current focus of the domestic LED application market is different from that of foreign countries. At present, LEDs are mainly used in backlights, automobiles and information display parts. At present, domestic LEDs are used for landscape decoration and transportation in addition to information display. Signal lights and some functional lighting, especially the development and application of urban landscape lighting and street lights, have become hot spots. Some people estimate that the output value of LED application products in 2008 will reach 54 billion yuan. Together with LED chips, devices, modules and supporting raw materials, the output value of the entire LED industry will exceed 100 billion yuan.
China has increased its investment in the LED industry In recent years, China has significantly increased its investment in the LED industry. Relevant government departments have increased capital investment to support the research and development and development of the semiconductor lighting industry. For example, the Ministry of Education has invested in the basic research project funds of the university, the research and development project funds invested by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the Institute, and the R&D funds invested by the Ministry of Science and Technology in the 863 project. The Ministry of Industry invested funds in the Electronic Development Fund project, and the National Development and Reform Commission invested in expanding the scale of industrialization projects. Many Shengshi also invested in various forms to develop the semiconductor lighting industry. More than a dozen cities have developed the semiconductor lighting industry as a key industry in the region.
Domestic related enterprise groups and private capital have also actively invested in the semiconductor lighting industry in recent years. Some people estimate that the investment amount exceeds 10 billion yuan. In the past, domestic LED pre-process companies have purchased 40 to 50 MOCVD equipment and hundreds of sets of chip manufacturing equipment to expand their production capacity. The five largest LED packaging companies in China have invested in new plants in the past two years, and increased their capital to purchase automated packaging equipment. In addition, due to the increase in investment by various parties, many new companies entering the field have been added in the past two years.
Of course, the investment risk of the LED industry cannot be ignored. Since the semiconductor lighting industry belongs to the high-tech industry, there are tens of thousands of patents. For investors, it is necessary to fully understand the patent protection and patent disputes in this technical field. They should not be involved at will, otherwise it may lead to international litigation; For enterprises that are preparing to invest in LED epitaxial growth and chip manufacturing, they should fully consider the source of their core technologies. It is best to have core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Otherwise, it is risky to repeatedly invest in medium and low-end products of LEDs; In the market development, we must fully consider the fierce competition in the market of related products in South Korea and Taiwan, especially in Taiwan, where the LED technology level is relatively high and the output is also large. In terms of market competition, the formation of mainland enterprises Bigger challenge.
Technology and market taste government support is indispensable Although China's LED industry is developing at a relatively fast pace, the gap between technology level and international leading level is still large, mainly due to the lack of core technology with independent intellectual property rights, and its products are mainly medium and low-grade. The scale of industrialization is small and lacks competitiveness. High-performance LED and power LED products are all dependent on imports. To this end, the following three suggestions are proposed on how to accelerate the development of the LED industry:
First, the government should increase its support and strengthen its regulatory capabilities. On the one hand, we should focus on supporting the construction of national-level semiconductor lighting R&D platforms, integrating and adjusting decentralized research institutions, and truly supporting the research and development of core technologies and innovative projects with independent intellectual property rights; on the other hand, government guidance and macro-control should be used. The method is to guide the investment and key support for the small-scale and conditional post-process packaging enterprises in the pre-LED process, to integrate, joint venture, and merge, to concentrate resources to expand the scale of industrialization, and to enable enterprises to have certain competitiveness in the international arena. In this regard, we can learn from the experience of South Korea and Taiwan.
Second, we should strengthen the basic research and development of LED technology. In the field of LED epitaxy and chip manufacturing, we should focus on improving the internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency of luminescence, improving product performance, stability, consistency and reliability, improving product yield, and having core innovation and independent intellectual property rights. technology. In the field of packaging, research and development of white LED and power LED packaging technology should be strengthened, mainly to improve light extraction efficiency, light uniformity and consistency, improve package structure, improve substrate heat dissipation performance, reduce thermal resistance, improve light attenuation resistance and reliability. Sex. In the supporting field, basic research and development of LED main raw materials, supporting parts and key equipment for manufacturing LEDs should be strengthened, mainly referring to substrates, organic sources, epoxy resins, silica gels, phosphors, drive circuits and MOCVD (metal organic chemistry). Vapor deposition) equipment and the like. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the testing of LED Light, electricity, color, thermal and lighting parameters, and to study the reliability of LED light source; at the same time, we should also pay attention to the research and development of LED application products, to have a sense of innovation, develop New products for market demand.
Thirdly, the application of LED LED products should be expanded. In terms of promotion and application and market development, the following three aspects should be focused on: First, strengthen the research and development of medium-sized and large-size LED backlights. The market has great potential and matures in technology. It is necessary to seize the opportunity to enter the market as soon as possible. Second, it will increase the research and development of various LED lights and displays used in automobiles. The technology is mature and the market potential is very high. Entering the market; the third is to strengthen the development of semiconductor lighting applications, especially the development of special lighting and special lighting, the technology of this lighting product series has gradually matured, it is a good opportunity to develop applications, the market potential is also very large, to enter the market as soon as possible Related Links LED Introduction Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are devices formed by semiconductor III-V compounds (GaP, GaAlAs, GaAs, AlGaInP, GaN, etc.) after processing to produce PN junctions. Can emit infrared light, visible light or ultraviolet light.
At present, there are two main types of high-brightness LEDs: quaternary AlGaInP emits red light, orange light, yellow light, and GaN-based green light, blue light, violet light and ultraviolet light. There are two main categories of applications: display and lighting. Due to the continuous advancement of LED technology, the continuous improvement of luminous intensity (radiation power) and luminous efficiency, these high-brightness semiconductor light-emitting diodes have gradually entered the field of light-color illumination and special illumination as a light source, and finally have to enter the field of general illumination. The field in which these high-brightness LEDs enter the illumination as a light source is commonly referred to as semiconductor illumination.
Because semiconductor lighting is more energy efficient than existing lighting sources, semiconductor lighting is also known as another revolution in the field of lighting. For example, a 60W incandescent bulb consumes 60W of electricity and emits about 800lm of light. With existing energy-saving lamps, it requires 12W-15W of electricity, if semiconductor lighting is used (assuming luminous efficiency of 120lm/W-150lm/ W) only needs 6W-8W of electric energy. At present, the luminous efficiency of LED is 100lm/W, and it has been tried to reach 120lm/W-150lm/W in the next few years. 
High-brightness LEDs are highly valued and still require policy assistance
Since the advent of LEDs (red, orange, and yellow quaternary products and blue, green, and violet GaN-based products), after more than a decade of efforts, high-brightness LEDs have entered the functional lighting field and will gradually enter In the field of general lighting, a relatively complete industrial chain has been formed, which has attracted the attention of countries and international companies around the world. China is also keeping up with the world's cutting-edge technology, accelerating research and development and industrialization. It has already established a certain industry base. China's LED industry chain is initially formed according to the statistics and calculations of the Optoelectronic Devices Branch of China Optical Optoelectronics Industry Association, and then refer to the relevant domestic institutions. Data: In 2007, there were more than 2,000 LED companies in the country, including more than 40 units engaged in epitaxial growth, chip manufacturing research and production, and about 600 device packaging companies, including about 100 packaging companies of a certain scale. There are more than 1,700 application products and supporting companies. There are about 100,000 people employed in the industry (other statistics are estimated to be 300,000 to 400,000 people). From raw materials, epitaxial growth, chip manufacturing, device packaging to application products and supporting materials, equipment and instruments, a relatively complete industrial chain has been formed. . In recent years, China's LED chips and devices, especially high-brightness LED chips and devices, have grown rapidly.