VoIP, as a widely used network voice transmission method, has been regarded as one of the most potential voice services. But many of its shortcomings hindered its development. Especially the problem of VoIP protocol security is concerned by all walks of life. Currently, there are four main security issues facing VoIP: Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, illegal access, toll fraud or eavesdropping. The security of VoIP protocol is a pain that cannot be ignored. The problems with VoIP protocol security go far beyond these. Intercepting the SIP protocol on the network, it is easy to obtain RTP ports and routes, and then it is easy to eavesdrop through a specific mode. Through the promiscuous mode of network cards, hackers can easily intercept all POP3 protocols in the local area network-including passwords, which can be easily intercepted.
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Information security experts will warn you in this way that if improperly deployed for VoIP, Internet phones will be attacked by hackers and malicious code. VoIP may undermine the security measures of the network. For enterprise networks, the threat of VoIP is particularly great, because companies will rush to deploy this technology and ignore security.
A careful analysis shows that the first security problem that VoIP must face is the bottom-level hazard—its own hardware and software facilities. Because most VoIP devices are currently based on a standard operating system, and the transmission protocol is also an open technology, it is quite likely to be attacked by attackers. And in most cases, VoIP facilities need to provide remote management capabilities, and the services and software they rely on may also have security holes.
Take a specific look at the VoIP transmission protocol. There are many network technology protocols related to VoIP. Commonly used are RTP (Real Time Transport Protocol) and RTCP (Real Time Transport Control Protocol) that control real-time data flow applied to IP network transmission; RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) that guarantees network QoS quality service ) And IP different Service, etc., as well as a series of traditional voice digital coding protocols such as G.711, G.728, G.723, G.729 and so on. But the most commonly used voice establishment and control signaling for VoIP technology is H.323 and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol).
Among them, the SIP protocol is an important part of the IETF definition of multimedia data and control architecture. At the same time, SIP is only responsible for providing session connection and session management, and has nothing to do with the application, so SIP can be used in multiple fields. Today, SIP phones, group video conferencing systems, audio conferencing media servers for service providers, and multipoint control units for audio and video conferencing that are compatible with both H.323 and SIP are available everywhere on the market. Currently, SIP is bringing the most extensive interconnection to the conference market. However, even the protocol itself has potential security issues:
H.323 and SIP are generally an open protocol system. In terms of a series of call processes, each equipment manufacturer has independent components to carry. Some of these products use the Windows NT operating system, and some are based on Linux. The more open the operating system, the more susceptible the virus and malicious attacks are to the product application process. These applications are already installed in the device when the product leaves the factory. There is no guarantee that the latest version or the promise has made up for some security vulnerabilities. At the same time, SIP, the transmission protocol for the most emerging technology, is not perfect. It uses a form similar to FTP, email, or HTTP server to initiate connections between users. Using this connection technology, hackers will also attack VoIP.
Two years ago, in terms of VoIP protocol security, the National Computer Network Emergency Technology Processing and Coordination Center (CERT) reported a flaw in the SIP protocol stack. Using this flaw, attackers will have the opportunity to gain illegal access privileges and launch DoS attacks, causing problems such as system instability. Obviously, this defect is related to "invitation" letters sent by SIP devices to initiate conversations such as VoIP calls, text chats or videos.
In principle, exploiting vulnerabilities can launch various types of attacks. For example, once the gateway is compromised by a hacker, IP phones can be dialed at will without authentication. Unprotected voice calls may be intercepted and eavesdropped, and can be intercepted at any time. Hackers can use redirection attacks to replace voice mail addresses with specific IP addresses that they specify, opening secret channels and backdoors for themselves. The most typical is that hackers can deceive the restrictions of SIP and IP addresses and steal the entire conversation process.
Therefore, an imperfect agreement will lead to serious consequences: if someone pretends to be your agent through a SIP vulnerability and talks to you, he can easily obtain all your information (including of course the bank card number and password), then, When the phone hangs up, your hard-earned savings will be looted. In addition, a hacker can easily submit an excessive amount of fake service requests in your SIP server, so that the server can neither answer nor listen to the phone, resulting in a denial of service phenomenon.
In addition, the implementation of VoIP depends on the operation of the TCP / IP protocol stack, so we cannot avoid all the security issues faced by the TCP / IP protocol. Some common and troublesome virus problems are also destined to cause trouble for the VoIP application environment. Therefore, for VoIP equipment itself, it should pay more attention to the realization of common information security principles than ordinary computer equipment, such as only providing necessary services, closing and blocking useless ports; stop using unnecessary protocols-there is no need to enable unnecessary and Unused protocols and services, so as not to provide more opportunities for hackers.
Ignoring these principles will cause very serious safety hazards. The reason is obvious: if the VoIP infrastructure cannot be effectively protected, it can be easily attacked and the stored conversation content will be eavesdropped. Compared with traditional telephone equipment, networks used to transmit VoIP-routers, servers, and even switches are more vulnerable to attacks. The PBX used by traditional phones is stable and safe.
The era of monopoly of traditional phones is about to pass, and the era of VoIP is coming. This has forced VoIP service providers to reexamine their technical focus. It is gratifying that some of the current transmission protocols are becoming more and more perfect, and companies have begun to realize the importance of VoIP protocol security.