Communication switching power supply technology was introduced to China in the 1980s and has since become a vital component in the field of telecommunications. The performance of these power supplies directly impacts the reliability of communication systems, making it essential to accurately evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Simply looking at input and output characteristics is not enough—there are several other critical factors that should be considered when assessing the quality of a communication power supply. One key aspect is the **power device** used in the system. As a part of power electronics, switching power supplies rely on power converters for efficient energy transformation. The type of power device can give a good indication of the product’s development timeline. For example, high-power silicon rectifiers and thyristors emerged in the 1960s, while the 1970s saw the rise of thyristors, GTRs, and GTOs for high-power inverters. In the 1980s, Power FETs (MOSFETs) became more common, followed by IGBTs in the 1990s. It's worth noting that Power FETs offer fast switching speeds due to their unipolar conduction, allowing operation up to 1 MHz. However, increasing the blocking voltage often leads to higher internal resistance and on-state voltage drop, which increases losses. IGBTs, on the other hand, combine the advantages of both MOSFETs and BJTs, offering high input impedance, low on-resistance, and excellent switching performance. Another important factor is the **package design** of the power device. Direct soldering of the die to the substrate improves heat dissipation and reduces parasitic effects, leading to better overall performance. Products that do not use this method are generally less efficient and reliable. Next, the **circuit principle** plays a crucial role. Whether the power supply uses **hard switching** or **soft switching** determines its efficiency and performance. Soft switching techniques, such as lossless snubber circuits with LC components and fast recovery diodes, reduce switching losses and improve system stability. This allows for higher switching frequencies, smaller components, and lower noise levels. The control method also matters. **PWM (constant frequency)** and **PFM (variable frequency)** are two common approaches. PWM offers better control over output voltage and current, while soft-switching techniques like phase-shift control further enhance efficiency. Additionally, **power factor correction** helps reduce harmonic distortion, improve power quality, and increase energy efficiency. Another critical feature is **load current sharing**, which ensures balanced output among parallel modules and enhances system redundancy. Various methods exist, including droop control, master-slave, and maximum current sharing. The latter allows for automatic load balancing and fault tolerance, ensuring stable operation even when modules are added or removed. Protection mechanisms are equally important. A good power supply should include features like overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection. Battery monitoring and charging current limiting functions are also essential. Using branded lightning protection components, such as those from OBO or DEHN, ensures long-term reliability. Alarm functions are another key consideration. When a fault occurs, the system should trigger audible and visual alarms and send alerts to a central station or designated phone numbers. This is especially important for unattended communication sites. The **monitoring interface** is another indicator of system quality. Modern power supplies should support remote monitoring via Ethernet, which is superior to older interfaces like RS485 or RS232. A robust communication interface improves system management and reduces maintenance costs. Finally, **electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)** is often overlooked but essential. Switching power supplies can generate significant harmonic pollution, affecting other devices on the grid. Compliance with standards like CISPR 22 and CISPR 24 ensures minimal interference and better system integration. In summary, communication switching power supplies are complex systems that involve multiple disciplines, including power electronics, semiconductors, and control technologies. Understanding these aspects helps in making informed decisions about their performance and reliability.

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