March 29, 2024

Speaker frequency range and frequency response

Frequency range refers to the range between the lowest effective playback frequency and the highest effective playback frequency that the sound system can play back; frequency response refers to the sound pressure generated by the speaker with frequency when an audio signal output at a constant voltage is connected to the system The phenomenon of increase or attenuation due to change, and the phase changes with frequency. This sound pressure and the correlation between phase and frequency (the amount of change) is called the frequency response, and the unit is decibel (dB).

The frequency characteristic of the sound system is usually described by the ordinate of the decibel scale representing power and the abscissa of the logarithmic scale representing the frequency of the frequency response curve. When the sound power is 3dB lower than the normal power, this power point is called the high-frequency cutoff point and low-frequency cutoff point of the frequency response. The frequency between the high-frequency cut-off point and the low-frequency cut-off point is the frequency response of the device; the curves of sound pressure and phase lag with frequency change are called "amplitude frequency characteristics" and "phase frequency characteristics", collectively called "frequency characteristic". This is an important indicator to examine the performance of the speaker. It has a direct relationship with the performance and price of the speaker. The smaller the decibel value, the flatter the frequency response curve of the speaker, the smaller the distortion, and the higher the performance. For example, the frequency response of a speaker is 60Hz ~ 18kHz +/- 3dB. Sometimes these two concepts are not distinguished, and they are called frequency response.

In theory, a frequency response of 20 to 20000 Hz is sufficient. Sounds lower than 20Hz, although inaudible, can be perceived by other human sense organs, that is, the so-called bass strength can be felt, so in order to perfectly play various musical instruments and language signals, the amplifier must achieve high-fidelity goals. Replay each harmonic of the tone. Therefore, the frequency band of the amplifier should be expanded, the lower limit should be extended below 20 Hz, and the upper limit should be increased to above 20,000 Hz. The method of expressing the frequency response of the signal source (radio head, recording base, CD player, etc.) is different. For example, the frequency response of the FM stereo broadcast specified by the European Broadcasting Union is 10 / -2dB at 40 ~ 15000Hz, and the minimum frequency response specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission for the recorder is 10 / 2.5 at 10 ~ 2.5Hz / -4. 5dB (common band), the actual achievable indicators are significantly higher than this value. The upper limit of the frequency response of the CD player is 20000Hz, and the low frequency end can be very low, only a few hertz, which is one of the reasons for the good playback quality of the CD player.

However, the harmonic components that make up the sound are very complicated, and it is not that the sound will sound better with a wider frequency range, but this is basically correct for low-end and medium-end multimedia speakers. In labeling the frequency response, we usually see the terms "system frequency response" and "amplifier frequency response". It is important to know that "system frequency response" is always smaller than the "amplifier frequency response", so only the label "Amplifier frequency response" has no meaning, it is only used to deceive some uninformed consumers. Current speaker manufacturers generally over-mark the frequency response of the system, and the difference in the high-frequency part is not too much, but it is extremely unreal at the low end. The foreign famous HiFi speakers are only about 4, 50 Hz And, two or three hundred wooden ordinary speakers in China even dare to label this data, so I would like to tell you that the low-frequency sound must be heard by the ear, and do n’t easily believe the value on the flyer.

The music in the multimedia speakers is based on playing MP3 or CD music, songs, game sound effects, background music, and vocal and environmental sound effects in the film. These sounds are mostly mid-high tones, so when selecting multimedia speakers It should be more valued for its sound performance in mid-to-high frequency bands than low frequency bands. If you really pursue the theater effect, then a strong subwoofer can meet the demand.

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