Landscape lighting 3: Mountain lighting in the night scene

This article will deconstruct these night objects and see how they use light to weave a harmonious night scene. The third article brings the design of mountain landscape lighting.

As China's economic level continues to grow, the urbanization of the country continues to be reformed and expanded, and many of the mountains that were originally located in the outer suburbs of the city have become part of the city. Mountains, especially in the mountains of the city, are rare natural landscapes in the city, a paradise in the city, and a gathering place for the city's cultural landscape. In urban lighting planning and design, the mountain has naturally become the focus of attention.

The mountains in the city are both scenic spots and viewpoints. From the perspective of the landscape, the whole mountain is brightened, which will cause the night scene to be piled up in a complicated way. There is no beauty or even damage to the night landscape. If the lamps are not properly installed, they will not be concealed and will seriously damage the daytime landscape. From the perspective of viewing, too much light in front of the eyes hinders visitors from observing the distant night scenes, and does not help the display of the city's night scenes.

The mountain has a "representative", which is an image symbol that conveys the city; the mountain has a "signature" that can optimize the city's skyline. Mountain lighting can establish a tourism brand image, enhance the quality of the city, gather popularity, and add new highlights to the urban economy.

From the design concept of ancient Chinese architecture, the pavilions and other buildings built on the top of the mountain are closely related to the mountain. It is usually the climax point of the mountain landscape and the line of sight. When lighting, it is undoubtedly necessary to emphasize and highlight the nightscape effect of the buildings on the mountain. However, designing only the lights of buildings on the mountain can be said to be a design concept that does not accurately express the landscape objects. The mountains and buildings are closely related landscape components. Without the mountains, the role of the buildings cannot be discussed. Conversely, the illuminated mountain area is too large or the lighting brightness of elements such as mountains and trees is too prominent, which will overwhelm the nightscape effect of the building. This is also inappropriate, that is to say, it is necessary to properly grasp the differences in the performance of the mountain landscape between the daylight and the light.

Mountain lighting should consider the shaping of the image, embody the culture, respect the nature and protect the ecology. The following will explain in detail the ecological aspects of protection.

Generally speaking, the mountains in the city are not high, generally no more than one hundred meters, and the height is equivalent to that of urban buildings. When lighting managers and designers in many cities consider mountain lighting, they will subconsciously consider it as an ordinary staircase, unilaterally pursue the overall brightness of the mountain, and reconstruct the mountain view and shape at night with a large number of lights, or regardless of the main The mountain was illuminated in the second place. In this way, the mountain light poles are densely lined and densely connected, which has brought many negative impacts on ecology and landscape. The landscape lighting project is voluminous and expensive, which also brings serious waste of funds.

First of all, too much light will affect the growth cycle of animals and plants, and it is not ecologically friendly. The lighting of the mountain is often the light from the bottom up, and the overall light is achieved by brightening the crown. This practice brings a lot of uplighting, which is bound to cause the sky above the mountain to be too bright. Studies have shown that the night light will affect the mating and spawning of insects; excessive sky brightness will affect the migration and reproduction of birds; plants affected by different light colors will also cause morbid characteristics such as less fruit and early maturity; Some of the lamps are shaped like a bird's nest, occupying the living space of birds. Therefore, reducing the brightness and light pollution of the sky and maintaining the original ecology are the trends of lighting design. The International Black Sky Association strongly advocates the use of angle-constrained luminaires and introduces darksky certification, striving to reduce the proportion of the upper light, thereby reducing the sky brightness over the city, ensuring the normal migration and reproduction of the creatures, and restoring the beautiful starry sky of the city. The light pollution in the city is already very serious. The mountains in the city should retain their original ecology and minimize the interference of light on animals and plants.

Secondly, a large number of lamps are used regardless of the primary and secondary, increasing a large amount of unnecessary energy consumption and being unfriendly to the environment. At present, a large part of our electricity comes from coal burning, which produces pollutants containing sulfur, mercury and heavy metals, while generating a large amount of carbon dioxide, which increases environmental pollution and global warming. Therefore, the night lighting design, not only to use energy-saving lamps, but also to save the use of lamps, do not have to install the place where possible without installing lamps. Moreover, a reasonable contrast between light and dark can reduce overall power consumption. If the whole installation of the lamps is not brightened by the primary and secondary, it will inevitably lead to an increase in overall brightness. The brightness of the building (structure) that requires key lighting will inevitably become higher, resulting in a sharp increase in energy consumption.

Once again, there are many animals and plants in the mountain. The leaves and bird droppings on the lamps accumulate, which easily block the light from the lamps; the artificial tree vines that provide power for the lamps are easily stolen, and the daily maintenance workload is large. In addition, the air is humid, and the biological corrosion factors (bacteria, fungi, bird droppings, saprophytic organisms, etc.) are more, the lamps are aging faster, the lighting effect is easily degraded, and the investment is prematurely invalidated, thereby causing serious waste of construction funds.

In fact, the lighting design of the mountain should be different from the ordinary buildings in the city. The design of the mountain lighting must improve the functional lighting (mountain path, building courtyard, parking lot, etc.) to increase safety factors. Functional lighting must be lighted from top to bottom, and use cut or half-cut lamps to minimize the amount of light and reduce the brightness of the sky. For landscape lighting, only the humanities buildings such as towers, pavilions, and buildings need to be highlighted. The central mountain is white, and the contrast between light and dark is used to create a flowing and dusty posture, which can better balance the beauty of humanity and nature. Design the design principle of “less is more”.